With particular reference to two theoretical perspectives relating to Essay - 1

With particular reference to two theoretical perspectives relating to social work assessments and interventions - Essay Example According to Cognitive Behavioral Theory, cognition plays a major role in behavior change. That is cognitions or thoughts of a person has a say on their behavior, and negative thoughts or perceptions can make it tough for a person to make a positive behavioral change. Cognitive-behavioral interventions bring together cognitive and behavioral strategies to solve numerous behavioral and psychological problems. The idea is that by altering a person’s irrational or faulty thinking and behaviors and ingraining positive thoughts and ideas will alter the way that a person copes and looks at a situation (Daley, 2006). That is by changing their thought process people can think more clearly about the decisions they make. However there are many types of theories in psychology can be included under this segment. Here I hope to emphasize on some of the general points in all of them. Cognitive behavioral theory experts normally believe that the experiences that a child gathers in his child hood have a say in the development of his character. Ones personality is shaped by them. These experiences are ingrained in the minds of the child. For example if you were subjected to discrimination in child hood, such as based on race, religion social and gender these things will be ingrained negatively in their minds. So I need to remove the bitter negative memories of their past experiences. There is a saying that these innate drives are the facts that affect the motivation of human behavior. Therefore I have to engage in cognitive-behavioral interventions to alter the negative thoughts that have been ingrained in their minds from child hood in to positive ones that help them look at life in a new perspective. They may have been subjected to unhealthy or improper social interactions in their childhood. These may have been reinforced in their minds by a significant person in their

Financial crisis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial crisis - Term Paper Example In such a situation, the entity would face liquidity problems, have cash flow problems, and see the net worth decreasing. If it happens to a market or a bank, then there would be panic selling that further brings the prices of stocks down. There would be a run on the banks with a large number of people attempting to withdraw cash. Assets would lose their valuation. Depending on the severity of the crisis, the market would recover in a few days or the ill effects would persist for a few years. A financial crisis is followed by recession and a general slowdown of the market. Financial crisis can even happen to individuals and businesses and such entities cannot pay their bills, they cannot pay their employees and their business would be repossessed. Recession is said to follow financial crisis and when the GDP becomes negative for two quarters, then the nation is said to be in recession (World Bank, 28 June 2012). This paper examines the subject of financial crisis and discuses various types, causes and method of preventing such a crisis. 2) Types of Financial Crisis Financial crisis usually results in a notional and ‘on paper’ wealth of a firm. If the firm has retained its assets and other infrastructure then after the crisis is over, it can regain its previous position in the market. Financial crises usually occur in a free and liberal market economy that is not subject to protection and where market forces are free to act on the economy. As an example, UK, USA and many other nations have a free and open economy hence financial crisis occur in these markets. However, in the former Soviet Russia, nation such as North Korea and even China where the market is regulated, market forces are not allowed to act freely. Types of financial crisis are broadly classified as international and domestic crisis (Cipriani and Guarino, 2008). These again have sub types and these are discussed as below. A) International Financial Crisis International financial crisis occur at two levels and mechanisms. One is where turmoil in the global stock markets causes a global market crash that precipitates a financial crisis. Another type is the currency crisis that can lead to sovereign default. These terms are explained as below. 1) Global Crisis Global crises can begin in one corner of the world and then if the causes and money involved is high, the crisis can spread to other stock exchanges and nations quickly. One of the reasons is due to the inter connectedness of the stock markets and financial markets across the world. Hence, if the London Stock Market Index crashes and it cannot recover, it will cause the Japan Nikkei index and the US based Dow and NYSE index also to crash. This can create a financial crisis when there is no liquidity in the market and funds, loans, cash is not available. As a result, banks cannot clear the payments, customers and depositors cannot withdraw crash and business also cannot pay their vendors and employees. When thi s cash shortage is long lasting and it affects all the nations, then it becomes a global crisis (Banerjee, 2008). 2) Currencies One of the worst forms of financial crisis is the currency crisis and sovereign default. When a nation that has a fixed exchange rate faces a speculative attack on its currency, then it is forced to devalue the currency. This devaluation is done when the currency appreciates excessively against the global reserve currency, the USD.

Exploring and learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Exploring and learning - Essay Example There are also some students who take a strategic approach, where they intend to maximize their chances of getting high marks. In today’s intellectual world, the three approaches of learning namely; deep, surface and strategic have become very popular. The surfacing issue therefore emerges on which of the three learning approaches is the most effective. This raises a very highly debatable issue. While some learners adopt a deep approach as noted by Morgan (1993), others prefer a surface approach when engaging in their studies. This paper seeks to critically analyze the three approaches of learning; deep, surface and strategic. Further, it will seek to examine how the chosen approach of learning affects the performance of a student. Marton and Saljo are the scholars behind the theory of deep and surface approaches to learning. They wrote a scholarly paper describing the varied manner in which learners approached learning in the academic sector. This studied was in the psycholog y department which at that time was quite unusual. This is because by default, they would have set up an artificial laboratory experiment for purposes of isolating one element from the other. Instead, Marton and Saljo sought to engage university students and their habitual behavior during learning. The students were required to read an article and thereafter answer questions based on the same. The study revealed that to some learners, the text was perceived as information with such discrete units meant to be memorized (Stanger-Hall, 2012, 294). The memorization was meant to help to answer the questions that would follow. The two scholars referred to this as the surface approach. On the other hand, some students perceived the text as one containing structured meaning. They were eager to discover the meaning of the article, its implications and the impact it had on them. They termed this as the deep approach. It follows that learners who engage in the deep approach had a better unders tanding of the article and were therefore able to answer a variety of question deciphered from it. In addition, they were in a better position to remember the content effectively compared to the others. Subsequent researches after this study have shown that there are different approaches to learning that students engage in while undertaking their academic tasks. A surface approach to learning can be defined as the result of low cognitive level engagement which yields to fragmented outcomes that do not translate to understanding or meaning. This process takes place when the learner takes in information ‘by heart’, but is in the least interested in engaging with the meaning of what s/he has taken. When taking this approach, the learner’s motive lies in only carrying out the task (Lauriland, 2003,47). This is due to some either positive or negative pressure/consequence. Negative in that if s/he fails, it is bound to affect his life in a not so pleasant way and posit ive in that if s/he passes, he will be favored by the teacher/instructor. Rote learning is a surface strategy whereby the learner focuses on what s/he perceives as the most important information and embarks on memorization of the same. Since the intention is as earlier noted to pass a test or exam, the learner finds not interconnections found in what is being learnt between meanings implications of the same. Surface learning is

The growth of anti-capitalism in the world Research Paper

The growth of anti-capitalism in the world - Research Paper Example nti-capitalism are differentiated in countries worldwide, as explained below, it is necessary for the relevant plans to be appropriately aligned with the local culture and rules. 2. Anti-capitalism in the international community 2.1 The context of anti-capitalism Anti-capitalism is a movement trying to confront the development of capitalism, as the specific concept was described by theorists and economists worldwide. In this way, in order to identify the elements of anti-capitalism, it would be necessary to understand the characteristics and the role of capitalism. In accordance with Fabra (1993) capitalism can be defined as ‘the system enabling man to regain the full value of the product of his labor’ (Fabra 1993, 139); the above explanation is based on the terms that capital is considered as ‘the accumulated product of labor’ (Fabra 1993, 140). As explained above, capitalism leads to a series of practices for accumulating the wealth – the one spent for acquiring the product. However, the practical implications of this process are many. For this reason, capitalism has been negatively criticized, as of its involvement in the development of social inequalities. This fact is made clear in the theory of Marx, who supported that as capitalism grows, the purchasing power of laborers is reduced (Fabra 1993, 23); the increase of unemployment is, in accordance with Marx, another implication of capitalism which, in any case, is considered as quite difficult to be controlled. Currently, it seems that the above efforts towards the limitation of capitalism have been fully justified. The high increase of the power of multinational corporations has led to their independency towards the governments; in this way, the rules of trade internationally have been negatively...Anti-capitalism is a movement trying to confront the development of capitalism, as the specific concept was described by theorists and economists worldwide. In this way, in orde r to identify the elements of anti-capitalism, it would be necessary to understand the characteristics and the role of capitalism. In accordance with Fabra (1993) capitalism can be defined as ‘the system enabling man to regain the full value of the product of his labor’ (Fabra 1993, 139); the above explanation is based on the terms that capital is considered as ‘the accumulated product of labor’ (Fabra 1993, 140). As explained above, capitalism leads to a series of practices for accumulating the wealth – the one spent for acquiring the product. However, the practical implications of this process are many. For this reason, capitalism has been negatively criticized, as of its involvement in the development of social inequalities. This fact is made clear in the theory of Marx, who supported that as capitalism grows, the purchasing power of laborers is reduced (Fabra 1993, 23); the increase of unemployment is, in accordance with Marx, another implication of capitalism which, in any case, is considered as quite difficult to be controlled. Currently, it seems that the above efforts towards the limitation of capitalism have been fully justified. The high increase of the power of multinational corporations has led to their independency towards the governments; in this way, the rules of trade internationally have been negatively affected and competition, inevitably, has been harmed.

Journalism and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Journalism and Ethics - Essay Example The power that the media holds can at times be abused and tainted to the degree that its very core duty of protecting the people’s democracy is threatened. In fact, this factor has made some media outlets to turn into propaganda bullhorns for dangerous and corrupt politicians in power. In addition, other outlets have even been used as vehicles of inciting violence and xenophobic against vulnerable groups of individuals and minorities.Essentially, the media outlet Democracy Now! Was established in 1996, becoming the solitary broadcasting company that was devoted to cover and inform the public on the precedents of the presidential elections. The outlet basically began as an investigation on why most people, by then, did not seem to actively participate in or care about political activities and politics respectively. For that reason, the outlet gathered enthralling stories all of which pointed out that democratic activities were not getting any media coverage. The outlet thus foc used on this deserted region, broadcasting elections and other democratic functions. Today, Democracy Now! Broadcasts on averagely over 850 television and radio stations internationally as well as through the use of an online platform.Comparatively, ethical journalism is concerned in the way through which various parties such as editors, presenters, anchors, and reporters deliver commentary on issues which can shape the lives of people in the society. Ethical journalism is thus rooted in moral values and thus journalists, as well as governments, should ensure that they work towards improving journalism as well as improving the rights and standards of human beings. Â  Democracy Now! Reveals the importance of ethical journalism through its insistence on media independence and democracy. For true democracy to come into effect, there is a need for the citizens to gain access to both independent and diverse sources of information and news.

Exposure to Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exposure to Media - Essay Example However, with the changing time and age, this has become a reality which is difficult to change course, and has lasting impressions on their minds and bodies. Adolescent development is an important subject that needs to be given the consideration that it richly deserves and within the spectrum of the ever-changing youth attitudes, it attains even more mileage for a number of reasons. The readily available films, music, books and videos have actually put the elders in a quandary. They have felt the plunge because exposure to media has become explicit and the issue has become magnanimous. The adolescents have therefore relied more on their environments than their parents and guardians (MacKinnon, 2006). They have felt the pressure from their peers and this has been represented through the different manifestations which they have been getting into time and again. The risk element has become stronger with the passage of time where some adolescents have shown susceptibleness to attitudes and beliefs which are unbecoming of their age and stature. These books and other available materials have made the elders feel wary of them because their young ones know much more than they did at their age (Sebald, 1992). This has put the ball back in their court as far as their raising up domains is concerned. The emphasis has gone directly on how they have been brought up and how their domains have been hijacked by the elders who are indeed their parents and guardians. These adolescents have been exposed to such images which have more or less disturbed the elders. These adolescents believe that their development is being done the right way since they are in line with what the media has been projecting and what they are learning at the end of the day (Kim & Lennon, 2007). What they seem to forget is the fact that the media is giving out wrong and illicit behaviors which these young ones are easily getting hooked on to for a

E-Goverment Network Infrastructure for the State of Kuwait Term Paper

E-Goverment Network Infrastructure for the State of Kuwait - Term Paper Example Anonymous Computer Technologies is a Kuwait based company dealing with software development and maintenance, network design and deployment, hardware troubleshooting and a diverse range of outsourcing services. Its mission is to target high end business franchises in order to fulfill their computer solution requirements. Its vision is to become a leading IT solution company in Kuwait, a future point of reference and to trade on the Kuwait Stock Exchange. The company has a general objective of satisfying its customer's needs and separate objectives for the Kuwait project that include to design, develop and deploy a network infrastructure for Kuwait, to link every government ministry, department and legal body throughout the country via the network system and to facilitate adequate data exchange between the various government segments . The company has potential to grow given the promise in the multimillion dollar growing IT market in Kuwait. It has an upper hand to its competitors give n its work portfolio and a professional team to boot. In addition to this, the company is sufficiently marketed through advertisements in the internet, print media, various promotions through event sponsorship and pamphlets. Anonymous Computer Technologies has its main operations based on the services and products it offers of software development, networking and sales of computer accessories. To conduct these operations efficiently, the company utilizes various financial reports that include project Start-up Funding Reports, financial Indicators report and projected cash flow. The company hosts an assortment of products and services that are implemented by a professional team made up of 38 members and comprising of the Chief Executive Officer, his assistant, the Chief Information Officer, developers, database administrators, the company secretary, the financial controller, networkers, sales personnel and a marketing team of three. Introduction The business world has revolutionized from the physical market to the intangible internet market that is widely referred to as ecommerce. Ecommerce, an idea originating from Information Technology and the internet have ensured that the global market has been minimized to a click away and also ensured that business is conducted in a systematic manner. Kuwait is an Arab country that has not lagged behind in this wave of new age business conduct. Most Kuwait businesses are run by ecommerce and statistics gathered have proven beyond doubt that Kuwait is fast turning towards a near 100% to ecommerce. In 2008, it was reported that 72% of ecommerce users transacted credit card payments through ecommerce modes. In the same year, 15.5% of all cell phone users in the country with a cell phone penetration of over 80% used ecommerce. However, one significant aspect in the country is dragging the whole revolution: a traditional Kuwait government network structure (Business Monitor International, 13). Kuwait citizens including worker s within the government ministries, departments and other statutory bodies have had to suffer from an unreliable governmental network structure that denies them adequately